Woolly ragwort (Senecio littoralis)

Kingdom	Plantae
Phylum	Tracheophyta
Class	Magnoliopsida
Order	Asterales
Family	Compositae
Genus	Senecio (1)

The woolly ragwort is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List (1).

A distinctive species, owing to its bright yellow flowers and pungent smell, the woolly ragwort (Senecio littoralis) is named for the whitish woolly hairs which cover the flower buds and leaves. Generally grey-green in colour, the woolly ragwort has tall, woody stems which bear single yellow daisies when the plant is in flower, and are often split into many branches at the base. The leaves vary in shape, from oblong to long and narrow, and are densely felted on the underside, with a sparse covering of woolly hairs on the upper surface (2).

The woolly ragwort is endemic to the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean (1) (2).  

A widespread species, the woolly ragwort is found among rocks in both coastal and inland areas, between sea level and 305 metres (1) (3) (4). It is particularly common among diddle-dee (Empetrum rubrum) and mixed grasses in heathland habitats (2).

The woolly ragwort is a perennial species which flowers primarily in the summer months of November to January, although it is sometimes recorded flowering into late February (2). Like other species in the Compositae family, the flowers of the woolly ragwort are contained on a specialised head-like inflorescence, called a ‘capitulum’. Despite looking like a single flower, each daisy is actually made up of many tiny, individual flowers, called ‘florets’, which are surrounded by larger outer petals (5). The base (calyx) of each flower is usually wide, and the petals (ray-florets) tend to be spaced apart with gaps between them (2).

As part of the native flora of the Falkland Islands, the woolly ragwort faces a range of threats. Historically, much of the Falklands' native flora was cleared for agriculture through grazing and burning, meaning that many native species now have restricted distributions across the islands. In addition, introduced and invasive species and increasing levels of tourism are placing further pressure on native species (4) (5).

The woolly ragwort will no doubt benefit from conservation programmes which are currently focusing on protecting plant species of the Falklands Islands and mitigating the threats to their survival (6). Falklands Conservation is working in collaboration with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on identifying important plant areas throughout the islands (7), while the Falklands Islands Plant Conservation Project, with assistance from Falklands Conservation, is developing a strategy for the long-term conservation of the islands’ threatened flora, with plans for sustainable land management and protection. Public education projects are also aiming to tackle human disturbances to natural environments (8).

For more information on conservation in the Falkland Islands, see:

• Falklands Conservation:
  http://www.falklandsconservation.com/
• Procter, D. and Fleming, L.V. (1999) Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, UK.
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:
  http://dps.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/falklands

This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
arkive@wildscreen.org.uk

• Calyx: all of the sepals (floral leaves) of a flower, which form the protective outer layer of a flower bud.
• Endemic: a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
• Inflorescence: the reproductive shoot of a plant, which bears a group or cluster of flowers.
• Perennial: a plant that normally lives for more than two seasons. After an initial period, the plant produces flowers once a year.

1. IUCN Red List (October, 2010)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org/
2. Woods, R.W. (2000) Flowering Plants of the Falkland Islands. Falklands Conservation, The Falkland Islands.
3. Broughton, D.A. and McAdam, J.H. (2005) A checklist of the native vascular flora of the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): new information on the species present, their ecology, status and distribution. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 132: 115-148.
4. Broughton, D.A. and McAdam, J.H. (2002) A red data list for the Falkland Island vascular flora. Oryx, 36: 279-287.
5. Heywood, V.H. (1978) Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2004) Samara: The International Newsletter of the Partners of the Millenium Seedbank Project. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at:
   http://www.kew.org/msbp/scitech/publications/samara/samara7_english.pdf
7. Plantlife. (2010) Important Plant Areas Around the World: Target 5 of the CBD Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. Plantlife International, Salisbury, UK.
8. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (October, 2010)
   http://dps.plants.ox.ac.uk/bol/falklands