Sun-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus solatus)

Description

Sun-tailed monkey fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Sun-tailed monkey description

The sun-tailed monkey was first described in 1986 ⁽¹⁾. It is a close relative of L’Hoest’s Monkey, (Cercopithecus lhoesti), and Preuss’s monkey (C. preussi), and in many ways resembles these primates with their dark grey coats, white markings, and long tails ^{(4) (5)}.

French

Cercopithèque À Queue De Soleil.

Spanish

Mono Del Gabón.

Size

Male head-and-body length: 60 – 70 cm

Female head-and-body length: 50 – 55 cm

Male tail length: 65 – 76 cm

Female tail length: 60 – 67 cm

Male weight: 6 – 9 kg

Female weight: 4 – 6 kg ⁽²⁾

Sun-tailed monkey biology

The diet of this diurnal species consists of fruits, seeds, herbaceous plants, insects and small vertebrate prey ⁽⁸⁾. Although spending much of their time on the ground during the day, groups will sleep in the canopy, 10 to 15 meters above the ground ⁽⁹⁾. Mean group size for this species is 17 individuals ^{(8) (10)}, consisting of one male and multiple females, although solitary males are known to occur ^{(6) (8)}. The sun-tailed monkey has a polygynous mating system ⁽⁹⁾, and adult males will actively defend their groups from other males trying to usurp them ⁽¹¹⁾. Whilst males disperse from their natal group, females remain, and a dominance hierarchy exists amongst these females, which is subsequently inherited by their offspring ⁽¹¹⁾. The sun-tailed monkey gives birth to a single offspring, and the age of first reproduction for females is about 4 years old ⁽⁹⁾.

Sun-tailed monkey range

This species is endemic to Gabon, West Africa ⁽⁴⁾. It has a fragmented distribution area estimated at about 10,300 km², mainly centred in the Foret des Abeilles in central Gabon ⁽⁶⁾. This range is limited to the north and east by the Ogooue, Lolo and Bouenguidi rivers though it is not clear to what extent this primate occurs to the west and south of the Foret des Abeilles ⁽⁶⁾. More recent research suggests that this species occurs in the southern parts of the Lope National Park ⁽⁵⁾.

Sun-tailed monkey habitat

Inhabits hilly primary and secondary moist evergreen forest ^{(1) (2)}. The sun-tailed monkey is a predominantly terrestrial primate ⁽⁷⁾.

Sun-tailed monkey status

Classified as Vulnerable (VU B1+2abcde, C1) on the IUCN Red List 2004 ⁽¹⁾, and listed on Appendix II of CITES ⁽³⁾.

Sun-tailed monkey threats

This monkey has a restricted range and is therefore highly at risk from habitat loss and fragmentation ⁽¹⁾. While the area of Lope is relatively well protected, the Foret des Abeilles has been opened up to timber exploitation ⁽⁵⁾. As the forests become accessible for logging, the wildlife becomes more susceptible to hunting by locals for meat. In addition, the sun-tailed monkey is semi-terrestrial and so is at risk from being trapped in ground snares ⁽⁵⁾.

Sun-tailed monkey conservation

The Gabonese government declared the sun-tailed monkey as a fully protected species in 1994 ⁽⁵⁾, and it is now considered a flagship species for conservation in Gabon ⁽²⁾. The future of this species rests with its protection within its range, and of its habitat. It will be important to determine this primate's distribution more precisely, and monitor the planned logging operation in the Foret des Abeilles and Lope closely ⁽⁵⁾.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Find out more

For more information on the sun-tailed monkey see:

The Primata:
www.theprimata.com/factsheets.html

Peignot, P., Fontaine, B., and Wickings, E.J. (2002) A preliminary study on the social relationships in a semi-free ranging colony of sun-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus solatus), a species recently discovered in Gabon. Primates. 43(2): 139-146.

Authentication

Authenticated (06/02/2006) by Matt Richardson, independent primatologist and writer.

Glossary

Diurnal

Active during the day.

Endemic

A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.

Polygynous

In animals, a pattern of mating in which a male has more than one female partner.

References

1. IUCN Redlist 2004 (February, 2004)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
2. Richardson, M. (2006) Pers. comm.
3. CITES (February, 2004)
   http://www.cites.org
4. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
5. Oates, J.F. (1996) African primates: status survey and conservation action plan IUCN. Gland, Switzerland.
6. Brugiere, D., Gautier, J.P. and Lahm, S. (1998) Additional data on the distribution of Ceropithecus (lhoesti) solatus. Folia Primatologica, 69: 331 - 336.
7. The Primata (February, 2006)
   http://www.theprimata.com/cercopithecus_solatus.html
8. Gautier, J.P. (1998) Socio-ecological features of the sun-tailed guenon (Cercopithecus solatus) - A long term study using radio-tracking. XVIIth Congress of the International Primatological Society, 120: 0 - 0.
9. Peignot, P., Fontaine, B. and Wickings, E.J. (1999) Habitat exploitation, diet and some data on reproductive behaviour in a semi-free-ranging colony of Cercopithecus lhoesti solatus, a guenon species recently discovered in Gabon. Folia Primatologica, 70: 29 - 36.
10. Brugiere, D., Gautier, J.P., Moungazi, A. and Gautier-Hion, A. (2002) Primate diet and biomass in relation to vegetation composition and fruiting phenology in a rain forest in Gabon. International Journal of Primatology, 23(5): 999 - 1024.
11. Peignot, P., Fontaine, B. and Wickings, E.J. (2002) A preliminary study on the social relationships in a semi-free ranging colony of sun-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus solatus), a species recently discovered in Gabon. Primates, 43(2): 139 - 146.