Steller's eider  (Polysticta stelleri)

Declines in populations of this striking bird are of great concern (2), and while the causes of these declines are not known, several factors may have contributed. Hunting is not thought to be a major threat, although lead poisoning has been noted as being prevalent in Steller's eiders. An increase in predation levels may also have contributed to the decrease in numbers (6) (7).

Conservation efforts are hampered by the isolation and harsh habitat of this species, which makes research and surveying particularly difficult. However, a European Action Plan for Steller's eider was published in 2000. It recommends the removal of threats, the maintenance of the current population, and surveys to establish the full range. Steller's eider is a protected species in both Russia and the USA, as well as in several other countries in the Arctic. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has designated a large amount of coastal habitat as a protected area for the conservation of this species (7).