Spiny dogfish  (Squalus acanthias)

By-catch: In the fishing industry, the part of the catch made up of non-target species.
Dorsal fin: The unpaired fins found on the back of the body of fish, or the raised structure on the back of most cetaceans.
Ovovivipary: Method of reproduction whereby the egg shell is weakly formed and young hatch inside the mother; they are nourished by their yolk sac and then born.
Pectoral fins: In fish, the pair of fins that are found one on each side of the body just behind the gills. They are generally used for balancing and braking.

1. IUCN Red List (November, 2008)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
   
2. Florida Museum of Natural History (November, 2004)
   http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Gallery/Descript/SpinyDogfish/SpinyDogfish.html
   
3. Animal Diversity Web (November, 2004)
   http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Squalus_acanthias.html
   
4. Fish Base (November, 2004)
   http://64.95.130.5/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?ID=139&genusname=Squalus&speciesname=acanthias
   
5. Fisheries Global Information System (November, 2004)
   http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/org.fao.fi.common.FiRefServlet?ds=species&fid=2834
   
6. WWF – A template for the development of plans to recover over-fished stocks (November, 2004)
   http://www.panda.org/downloads/europe/templaterecoveryplans.pdf