Cactus (Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. pulchellus)
Facts
| Kingdom | Plantae |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Caryophyllales |
| Family | Cactaceae |
| Genus | Echinocereus (1) |
| Size |
Stem diameter: 2.5 - 5 cm (2) |
Status
Classified as Endangered (EN) on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants (3), and listed on Appendix II of CITES (4).
Description
This small cactus is the typical subspecies of Echinocereus pulchellus; it is easy to miss, being barely seen above the ground (2). The grey-green stem grows up from an underground rootstock, and only the tops of the 9 - 12 ribs are visible, lying sunken in the ground (2). Tiny, flattened spines emerge from the widely spaced areoles located on each rib. In season, flowers burst through the stem leaving a scar; the petals of these striking flowers are bright magenta in colour (2).
Range
Habitat
Found in upland grassland at roughly 2,000 metres above sea level (2).
Biology
The stunning flowers of this cactus appear in early spring (2).
Threats
Vast areas of the central Mexican plateau have been developed for agriculture, and thus the biggest threat to the survival of this cactus is habitat destruction (2). Once the land has been overgrazed or cultivated it is highly vulnerable to soil erosion and previously documented populations of this cactus have disappeared or are in decline (2).
Conservation
The Barranca de Metztitlan area within which Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. pulchellus is found is recognised as an area of outstanding importance for succulent plants and has been suggested as an area to include within the Mexican National System of Protected Natural Areas (5). In addition, this species is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (4), restricting exportation, and is protected under Mexican law (2).
Authentication
Authenticated (20/3/03) by Dr Nigel Taylor, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
http://www.rbgkew.org.uk
Areoles: in cacti, the felted or woolly, cushion-like structures from which spines grow, flowers develop and new stems arise.
Endemic: a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
Subspecies: a different race of a species, which is geographically separated from other populations of that species.
References
- IUCN Red List (February, 2003)
www.redlist.org - Anderson, E.F., Arias Montes, S. & Taylor, N.P. (1994) Threatened Cacti of Mexico. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Walter, K.S. & Gillett, H.J. [eds] (1998) 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
- CITES (February, 2003)
www.cites.org - Oldfield, S. [comp.] (1997) Cactus and Succulent Plants - Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
