Rothschild's birdwing  (Ornithoptera rothschildi)

Abdomen: In arthropods (crustaceans, insects and arachnids) the abdomen is the hind region of the body, which is usually segmented to a degree (but not visibly in most spiders). In crustacea (e.g. crabs) some of the limbs attach to the abdomen; in insects the limbs are attached to the thorax (the part of the body nearest to the head) and not the abdomen. In vertebrates the abdomen is the part of the body that contains the internal organs (except the heart and lungs).
Metamorphosis: An abrupt physical change from the larval to the adult form.
Pupa: An inactive stage in an insect's development when reorganisation takes place to create the adult form from the larval form. In butterflies the pupa is also called a chrysalis.
Pupate: The process of forming a pupa, the stage in an insect's development when huge changes occur that reorganise the larval form into the adult form. In butterflies the pupa is also called a chrysalis.

1. IUCN Red List (July, 2008)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
   
2. CITES (May, 2005)
   http://www.cites.org
   
3. Kenrick, G.H. (1911) Some undescribed butterflies from Dutch New Guinea. Transactions of the Entomological Society, 44: 16 - 20.
   
4. Matsuka, H. (2001) Natural History of the Birdwing Butterflies. Matsuka Shappan, Japan.
   
5. Tennent, J. (2008) Pers. Comm.
   
6. Collins, N.M. and Morris, M.G. (1985) Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World. The IUCN Red Data Book, IUCN.