Found only in the Cook Islands. There are two subspecies; Ptilinopus rarotongensis rarotongensis occurs on the island of Rarotonga, Ptilinopus rarotongensis goodwini is found only on Atiu Island (2).
On Rarotonga the Cook Islands fruit-dove occurs in hillside and upland forest, and on Atiu it can be found in the makatea forest, (forest that is growing on a raised coral limestone reef). It also often ventures onto agricultural land on both islands (5).