Socotra bunting  (Emberiza socotrana)

This rare bunting is not thought to be facing any threats at present, but its small distribution and population makes it vulnerable to any future threats (2). Potential threats include increased livestock grazing in the highlands, which would degrade or destroy suitable breeding habitat for the Socotra bunting, and the accidental or intentional introduction of alien species. There are a number of invasive predators already well-established on Socotra Island, including the feral cat (Felis catus), brown rat (Rattus rattus) and small Indian civet (Viverricula indica), which may be limiting the population of the Socotra bunting (2). Recent infrastructure developments on the island, including a sea port, airport and roads, have brought positive changes to the local human inhabitants, but threaten the natural landscape and increase the possibility of the introduction of alien species (5) (6).

The government of Yemen, together with numerous organisations, are working to preserve the biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago. A Biodiversity Conservation Zoning Plan was developed in 2000, which integrates the human population's development needs with environmental protection and the sustainable use of natural resources (5). This led to the Socotra Archipelago being designated a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 2003, which recognises the island group as a site which innovates and demonstrates approaches to conservation and sustainable development (7). Such efforts to preserve the natural biodiversity of Socotra will no doubt benefit the island's vulnerable bunting.