Sessile oak  (Quercus petraea)

Upland oak woodlands have declined by 30-40% over the last 60 years as a result of re-planting with conifers, conversion to grazing land, overgrazing by sheep and deer, and unsuitable management (8). The decline in the ancient technique of coppicing has resulted in oak woodlands becoming more shaded; acorns do not germinate as well in these conditions. Many oak forests have a skewed age structure, as young trees are not able to regenerate (4). This may cause problems for many of the rare species that are dependent on ancient oaks. As the old trees die there will not be trees of a suitable age in the vicinity, so entire communities are at risk (9).

Upland oak woodland is a priority habitat under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP). An action plan has been produced to guide the conservation of this habitat (8). Not only is this oak a beautiful, majestic species, it also supports communities of plants, animals and fungi that are unique, rare and internationally significant. Conserving this ‘king of trees’ is therefore of utmost importance.