Sicilian fir  (Abies nebrodensis)

The Sicilian fir was already severely reduced by the beginning of the 19th Century as a result of extensive logging for timber and firewood (4). This species appears to be facing competition from the beech Fagus sylvatica, which may be more adaptable to climatic changes. A reduction in deep soil following deforestation could also have played a part in the decline of the Sicilian fir (2). The small numbers of firs remaining are now at an inherent risk from any chance event, and fire poses a particular danger.

The Sicilian fir has been the subject of a concerted conservation programme to protect this rare and unique local species. The remaining wild trees occur within a Regional Park; grazing and visitor numbers in the valley are carefully controlled, and the trees are monitored and fenced off (4). In addition, an ex-situ conservation programme has been established and has produced around 110,000 trees that are available for replanting. To date, replanting efforts have met with little success but scientists at the University of Palermo are investigating this species' optimum ecological conditions in an effort to rectify this (4). The rare Sicilian fir is a flagship species for the wealth of endemic flora found on this island (4).