Pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus)

Description

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Pygmy shrew fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Pygmy shrew description

As both the common and scientific names suggest (minutus means small), the pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) is tiny ⁽²⁾, in fact it is the smallest native British shrew ⁽⁴⁾. It has a pointed snout and greyish-brown fur that becomes paler on the underside ⁽²⁾. Compared to other species of British shrews, the pygmy shrew has a relatively longer, hairier tail ⁽⁴⁾. Like other shrews of the genus Sorex, this species has red-tipped teeth, formed by the deposition of iron, which toughens them against wear-and-tear ⁽⁴⁾.

French

Musaraigne Pygmée.

Spanish

Musaraña Enana.

Size

Tail length: 32-46 mm ⁽⁴⁾

Head/ body length: 40-60 mm ⁽⁴⁾

Weight

2.4-6.1 g ⁽⁴⁾

Pygmy shrew biology

Pygmy shrews are active by day and night, interspersing bouts of activity with rest periods ⁽⁵⁾. They are typically solitary, and will defend their range against other pygmy shrews ⁽²⁾. They make surface tunnels through vegetation ⁽²⁾, and feed on invertebrates such as beetles, spiders and woodlice that can be found in the leaf-litter ⁽⁵⁾, but they very rarely tackle earthworms, possibly because they are too large for them to handle ⁽⁴⁾. Shrews are well known for their voracious appetites; due to their small size and high metabolic rate, they have to eat regularly, and consume about 125 percent of their own body weight in food each day in order to stay alive ⁽⁴⁾. They do not hibernate, as they are too small to store the fat reserves needed to sustain them, instead they have to remain active during winter ⁽⁴⁾. Births occur between April and August, peaking in June ⁽⁵⁾. Two litters are usually produced each year, each consisting of between four and seven young ⁽⁵⁾. The young overwinter as immatures ⁽²⁾, reaching sexual maturity the following year, although some females born early in the year may even breed in the year of birth ⁽⁵⁾. Main predators of pygmy shrews are owls, raptors, mustelids, foxes and cats. The maximum life span is 16 months ⁽⁵⁾.

Shrews belonging to the genus Sorex are known to produce ultrasound, which may be used in a primitive form of echolocation ⁽⁶⁾.

Pygmy shrew range

A widespread and fairly abundant species throughout the British mainland; the pygmy shrew also occurs on many offshore islands except Shetland, the Channel Isles and the Isles of Scilly ⁽⁵⁾. On continental Europe they are also widespread, although they are absent from some southern areas ⁽⁵⁾. It is the only shrew that occurs in Ireland ⁽⁴⁾.

You can view distribution information for this species at the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

Pygmy shrew habitat

The pygmy shrew occurs in a very broad range of terrestrial habitats, wherever there is adequate ground cover ⁽²⁾.

Pygmy shrew status

The pygmy shrew is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾. Protected under Schedule 6 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 ⁽³⁾.

Pygmy shrew threats

The small size of the pygmy shrew makes it particularly susceptible to environmental unpredictability, such as adverse weather ⁽⁵⁾. Habitats loss, heavy grazing and the use of pesticides are also potential problems ⁽⁵⁾.

Pygmy shrew conservation

All shrews are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 ⁽³⁾. The diminutive pygmy shrew will be likely to benefit from agri-environment schemes that encourage farmers to reduce the density of grazing livestock on their land, and to create conservation-friendly field boundaries ⁽⁵⁾.

There may be further information about this species available via the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Find out more

For more on the pygmy shrew:

• Churchfield, S. (1999) Shrews of the British Isles. Shire Publishing Ltd, UK.

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Glossary

Agri-environment schemes

These schemes allow the government to compensate farmers for using methods that benefit the environment. The two main initiatives in the UK are the Countryside Stewardship Scheme and Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Since October 2000 these have formed part of the England Rural Development Programme (EDRP), administered by DEFRA, the Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs. For more on these initiatives see: http://www.defra.gov.uk/erdp/erdphome.htm

Echolocation

Detecting objects by reflected sound. Used for orientation and detecting and locating prey by bats and cetacea (whales and dolphins).

Genus

A category used in taxonomy, which is below 'family' and above 'species'. A genus tends to contain species that have characteristics in common. The genus forms the first part of a 'binomial' Latin species name; the second part is the specific name.

Invertebrates

Animals with no backbone, such as insects, crustaceans, worms, molluscs, spiders, cnidarians (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones), echinoderms, and others.

Mustelids

A family of carnivores that are characteristic of the northern temperate latitudes. Relatively primitive with short, stocky legs. They have long sharp canine teeth.

Ultrasound

Sounds that are above the range of human hearing.

References

1. IUCN Red List (May 2012
   http://www.iucnredlist.org/
2. Churchfield, S. (1988) Shrews of the British Isles. Shire Natural History. Shire Publications, Aylesbury.
3. Morris, P. (1993) A red data book for British mammals. Mammal Society, Bristol.
4. The Mammal Society: pygmy shrew fact sheet (August 2002):
   http://www.mammal.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=215&Itemid=248
5. Macdonald, D. W. & Tattersall, F. T. (2001) Britain's mammals- the challenge for conservation. The Wildlife Conservation research Unit, Oxford University.
   http://www.wildcru.org
6. Macdonald, D. W. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.