Pemba flying fox  (Pteropus voeltzkowi)

The Pemba flying fox is classified as Vulnerable (VU D2) on the IUCN Red List 2004 (1) and is listed on Appendix II of CITES (4).

With characteristic dog-like facial features, this large fruit bat has chestnut red fur, a black face and black wings. The males are larger and darker in colour than the females (2).

Endemic to Pemba Island, 40 km off the coast of mainland Tanzania in the Indian Ocean (1). Ninety-four percent of the Pemba flying fox population is found in just ten roost sites (5).

The Pemba flying fox is found in both primary and secondary forest, as well as in graveyards and mangroves (5).

Gathering in mixed-sex groups of up to 850 individuals to roost, the Pemba flying fox creates quite a spectacle. The bats remain faithful to their roost (often a group of large, mature trees), returning from feeding trips in huge flocks (2). They feed on mangos, breadfruit, figs, flowers and leaves, and may be the only species on the island that disperses larger seeds, thereby proving essential to those plants that produce them (6). Unlike insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera), they do not use echolocation, instead using vision to locate fruit.

Mating is thought to occur between January and April, with births between June and August (2). The young are independent within three to six months (3).

By inhabiting graveyards the Pemba flying fox gains some protection, as these are seldom visited due to local taboo. Bats provide a source of protein for the inhabitants of Pemba Island, but they are not hunted on a commercial level. However, as shotguns increase in prevalence, hunting may become more common (2). Deforestation as a result of logging and the conversion of forests to agricultural land also poses a threat to the survival of the Pemba flying fox (5)

There are no laws restricting the hunting of bats on Pemba, but hunting is restricted in certain forest areas where the Pemba flying fox is found. A captive breeding programme for the bat was established at Phoenix Zoo, Arizona, USA in 1994 (2).

For further information on this species see Animal Info:
http://www.animalinfo.org/species/bat/ptervoel.htm

• Endemic: a species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.
• Primary forest: forest that has remained undisturbed for a long time and has reached a mature condition.
• Secondary forest: regenerating forest that has not yet reached the mature state of primary forest.

1. IUCN Red List (February, 2005)
   http://www.redlist.org
2. Lubee Bat Conservancy (February, 2005)
   http://www.lubee.org/about-reg-afrotropics.aspx
3. Animal Info (February, 2005)
   http://www.animalinfo.org/species/bat/ptervoel.htm
4. CITES (February, 2005)
   http://www.cites.org
5. Corp, N. and Entwistle, A.C. (1997) Status and distribution of the Pemba flying fox Pteropus voeltzkowi. Oryx, 31 (2): 135 - 142.
6. Corp, N. and Entwistle, A.C. (1997) The diet of Pteropus voeltzkowi, an endangered fruit bat endemic to Pemba Island, Tanzania. African Journal of Ecology, 35 (4): 351 - 360.