Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur (Microcebus berthae)

Description

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur description

Described as a new species in 2000, the tiny Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur is believed to be the world’s smallest living primate ^{(1) (3)}. This species has extremely large, forward-facing eyes, which have a shiny layer behind the retina that reflects light back through the eye, dramatically improving night-vision ⁽⁵⁾. The fur is reddish-brown on the upperside with a darker stripe running down the midline of the back from the shoulders to the tail while, in contrast, the fur on the underparts is creamy or pale grey. The head of this species is distinctively marked with a dull white patch above the nose and cinnamon rings around the eyes ⁽³⁾. Like other mouse lemurs, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur has a long tail, relatively large ears and bare digits ^{(3) (5)}.

Also known as

Berthe’s mouse lemur.

Size

Head-body length: 9 – 11 cm ⁽²⁾

Tail length: 12 – 14 cm ⁽²⁾

Weight

30 g ⁽³⁾

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur biology

A nocturnal, solitary forager, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur is an agile mover through the trees and low-level vegetation, searching for insects, fruit and small reptiles such as geckos and chameleons ^{(3) (6) (7)}. While the diet of this species is extremely varied, its major food source is the sugary secretion, or “honeydew”, produced by the larvae of the insect species, Flatida coccinea ^{(5) (6) (7)}. At dawn, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur conceals itself amongst vegetation, often in a tangle of vines, where it may be accompanied by other individuals of the same species ^{(8) (9)}. Interestingly, during the cooler, dry winter months, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur undergoes a daily period of torpor, lowering its metabolic rate for a few hours, which causes its body temperature to drop to ambient levels, thereby conserving water and energy ^{(3) (5)}. Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur is heavily preyed upon by owls, civets, mongooses, snakes and even other lemurs ^{(5) (6)}.

Mating occurs in November ⁽⁹⁾, with the young born, after a gestation period of around two months ⁽⁵⁾ in January ⁽⁹⁾.

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur range

Endemic to Madagascar, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur is restricted to the Menabe region in the south-west of the island, south of Tsiribihina River, in an area that probably covers no more than 900 square kilometres ^{(1) (3)}, where it co-occurs with the much wider distributed grey mouse lemur ⁽⁶⁾.

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur habitat

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur inhabits lowland, dry, deciduous forest between sea-level and elevations of 150 metres ⁽³⁾.

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur status

Classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾ and listed on Appendix I of CITES ⁽⁴⁾.

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur threats

Like many Madagascan species, Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur is threatened by habitat loss due to illegal logging and slash-and-burn agriculture ⁽¹⁾. With its highly restricted range and a global population estimated to be no more than 8,000 mature individuals, this species faces an uncertain future ⁽³⁾.

Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur conservation

While there are no known conservation measures specifically directed towards Madame Berthe’s mouse lemur, a 1,000 square kilometre Central Menabe Conservation Site has been proposed, which will encompass this species’ entire range. Furthermore, the Kirindy Forest, where this species is particularly abundant, will be classified as a strict conservation zone, providing the highest levels of protection from habitat exploitation and hopefully halting this remarkable species’ decline ⁽¹⁾.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Find out more

To find out more about lemur conservation visit:

• Lemur Conservation Foundation:
  www.lemurreserve.org
• Madagascar Fauna Group:
  www.savethelemur.org

To learn more about conservation in Madagascar visit:

• Madagascar Wildlife Conservation:
  www.mwc-info.net/en
• Conservation International:
  www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/madagascar/Pages/default.aspx
• WWF:
  www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/madagascar/index.html

Authentication

Authenticated (28/04/2009) by Dr. Melanie Dammhahn, Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, German Primate Center (DPZ)
http://www.dpz.eu

Glossary

Endemic

A species or taxonomic group that is only found in one particular country or geographic area.

Gestation

The state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth.

Nocturnal

Active at night.

Slash-and-burn

The cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create space for agriculture or livestock.

Torpor

A sleep-like state in which the body processes slow to a fraction of their normal rate.

References

1. IUCN Red List (October, 2008)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
2. Dammhahn, M. (2009) Pers. comm.
3. Mittermeier, R.A., Konstant, W.R., Hawkins, F., Louis, E.E., Langrand, O., Ratsimbazafy, J., Rasoloarison, R., Ganzhorn, J.U., Rajaobelina, S., Tattersall, I. and Meyers, D.M. (2006) Lemurs of Madagascar. Second Edition. Conservation International, Washington, DC.
4. CITES (October, 2008)
   http://www.cites.org
5. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Dammhahn, M. and Kappeler, P.M. (2008) Small-scale coexistence of two mouse lemur species (Microcebus berthae and M. murinus) within a homogeneous competitive environment. Oecologia, 157: 473 - 483.
7. Dammhahn, M. and Kappeler, P.M. (2008) Comparative feeding ecology of sympatric mouse lemurs (Microcebus berthae, M. murinus). International Journal of Primatology, 29: 1567 - 1589.
8. Schwab, D. and Ganzhorn, J.U. (2004) Distribution, population structure and habitat use of Microcebus berthae compared to those of other sympatric Cheirogaleids. International Journal of Primatology, 25: 307 - 330.
9. Dammhahn, M. and Kappeler, P.M. (2005) Social system of Microcebus berthae, the world’s smallest primate. International Journal of Primatology, 26: 407 - 435.