Javan hawk-eagle  (Spizaetus bartelsi)

Habitat loss caused the initial decline of this bird, as the increasing human population of Java relies heavily on the natural resources of their island, particularly its forests. Conversion to agriculture, urban development and uncontrolled fire, even in protected areas resulted in a sharp decline that prompted the Indonesian government to promote the Javan hawk-eagle to the status of ‘national bird’. However, this move rebounded, as trade in the species multiplied in response to its new significance and consequential desirability (2).

The range and population of this species have been surveyed, revealing its presence in Gunung Haliman, Gunung Gede-Pangrango and Meru Betiri National Parks. However, despite the strict legislation protecting the eagle from hunting and trading, it faces serious problems through ineffective enforcement of the law. An action plan has been compiled and conservation awareness programmes have begun. The action plan suggests that thorough ecological studies are performed to allow the implementation of management plans. Nest-guarding is being seriously considered as an option to enforce legislation protecting this beautiful species (2).