Great tit (Parus major)

Description

Great tit fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Great tit description

The great tit (Parus major) is the largest of the British tits and is a familiar garden visitor ^{(4) (5)}. It is slightly smaller in size than a house sparrow ⁽⁵⁾ and is easily recognised by its yellow underparts with a black band running down the centre of the breast, a black head and large white cheek patches. The back is green in colour, the greyish-blue wings feature a white bar and the sides of the tail are white ⁽²⁾. Males can be distinguished from females as the black central band on the breast is much thicker ⁽²⁾. Juveniles are duller and paler in colour than adults ⁽⁵⁾ and their cheek patches are yellow ⁽²⁾. Great tits have an amazingly varied repertoire of calls ⁽⁶⁾, but a sharp, loud ‘tink tink’ is often produced ⁽⁵⁾. The two-syllable song, which can be heard all year round is a mechanical ‘ti-ta-ti-ta-ti-ta’ ^{(2) (3)}.

Size

Wingspan: 22.5-25.5 cm⁽³⁾

Length: 13.5-15 cm ⁽²⁾

Weight

14-22 g ⁽³⁾

Great tit biology

During summer, great tits tend to feed mainly on invertebrates taken from leaves, but in autumn the diet slowly changes, incorporating more seeds and fruits. By November, seeds make up a large proportion of the diet and in periods of low food availability they will enter gardens and feed on peanuts and other food provided by humans ⁽⁴⁾. Because of their larger size, great tits tend to feed on the ground more than other smaller tits ⁽⁶⁾.

Great tits nest in holes in trees, nest boxes, pipes and even letter boxes ^{(5) (2) (6)}. The female lays between 6 and 11 eggs; these are incubated for up to 15 days and the young will have fledged after a further 16 to 22 days ⁽³⁾.

Great tit range

This common tit is found throughout Britain where it is largely resident (it remains throughout the year) ^{(3) (4)}. Elsewhere, the great tit is widespread throughout Europe, Asia and the Far East and there are many subspecies, some of which lack the yellow colouration on the breast ⁽⁵⁾. In years when food availability is low, birds belonging to the continental race may fly to Britain ⁽⁴⁾.

You can view distribution information for this species at the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

Great tit habitat

Essentially a woodland bird, but the great tit has adapted very successfully to gardens, parks and cemeteries and lives in close proximity to human dwellings ⁽²⁾.

Great tit status

The great tit is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾. It is included in the Birds of Conservation Concern Green List (low conservation concern) ⁽⁴⁾.

Great tit threats

This species is not threatened at present; in fact the great tit population has been generally increasing since the 1960s, possibly as a result of the increased popularity of bird tables ⁽⁷⁾.

Great tit conservation

Conservation action has not been targeted at the great tit.

There may be further information about this species available via the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Find out more

 For more information on the great tit and other bird species:

• BirdLife International:
  http://www.birdlife.org
• The RSPB:
  http://www.rspb.org.uk

Authentication

This information is awaiting authentication by a species expert, and will be updated as soon as possible. If you are able to help please contact:
arkive@wildscreen.org.uk

Glossary

Incubate

To keep eggs warm so that development is possible.

Invertebrates

Animals with no backbone, such as insects, crustaceans, worms, molluscs, spiders, cnidarians (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones), echinoderms, and others.

Subspecies

A population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species.

References

1. IUCN Red List (February, 2011)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org/
2. RSPB A-Z of Birds: Great tit (February 2004):
   http://www.rspb.org.uk/birds/guide/g/greattit/index.asp
3. Mullarney, K., Svensson, L., Zetterström, D. & Grant, P.J. (1999) Collins Bird Guide. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, London.
4. Lack. P. (1986) The Atlas of wintering birds in Britain and Ireland. T & A D Poyser Ltd, London.
5. Holden, P. & Sharrock, J.T.R. (2002) The RSPB Guide to British Birds. Pan Macmillan, London.
6. British Trust for Ornithology- Garden Bird Watch (February 2004):
   http://www.bto.org/
7. British Trust for Ornithology/ JNCC- breeding birds in the wider countryside: great tit (February 2004):
   http://www.bto.org/birdtrends/