Giant goby (Gobius cobitis)

Description

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Giant goby fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Giant goby description

Britain's largest native species of goby, the giant goby is greyish to olive brown ⁽⁴⁾ with 'pepper and salt' freckling, which is particularly marked in smaller fish ⁽⁵⁾. The deep body is covered in small scales, the eyes are small and the tail stalk is short. Males in breeding condition are darker in colour than females ⁽⁴⁾.

Size

Head-body length: up to 27 cm ⁽²⁾.

Giant goby biology

This species can often be observed basking on sunny days in pools ⁽⁴⁾. It has a broad diet, which includes large quantities of green algae, polychaete worms, crustaceans, small fishes, and insects ⁽⁴⁾. The range of food taken varies depending on the age of the fish. Younger giant gobies mainly take small items such as small amphipods and ostracods while older individuals take larger items, until a large proportion of the food intake consists of green algae ⁽⁴⁾.

Both sexes live for about ten years, sexual maturity is reached at two to three years of age, and breeding occurs between March and May. Up to 12,000 eggs are laid per clutch ⁽⁵⁾; the eggs are attached to the underside of stones and fertilised by the male who then guards them ⁽⁴⁾. Females produce two clutches of eggs each year for about eight years ⁽⁴⁾.

Giant goby range

In the UK, the giant goby is known only from the coasts of south-west England between Wembury and the Isles of Scilly ⁽⁴⁾. Outside of the UK it is found from the western English Channel to Morocco, in the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Gulf of Suez, ⁽⁴⁾ probably via the Suez Canal ⁽⁵⁾.

You can view distribution information for this species at the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

Giant goby habitat

Inhabits rock pools high up in the intertidal zone of sheltered shores. Occupied pools typically contain boulders under which giant gobies can take shelter, and have inputs of freshwater, so the water in the pools is usually brackish ⁽⁴⁾.

Giant goby status

Fully protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 ⁽³⁾.

Giant goby threats

In 1992, giant gobies were absent from one site in south Devon and one from south Cornwall, which are parts of the historic range. It was assumed that the species was in decline, but the species was recorded again in the south Cornwall site in 1998. Although there is no evidence that the species is endangered in the UK, it seems likely that it is vulnerable to human disturbance due to the recreational pressures on the shore habitat ⁽⁴⁾.

Giant goby conservation

In 1998 the species was added to Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 ⁽³⁾. Under this Act it is an offence to kill, injure, take or sell giant gobies, or to damage or destroy any structure or place used by an individual for shelter or protection ⁽³⁾. Furthermore, it is included in English Nature's Species Recovery Programme.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

There may be further information about this species available via the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

Find out more

For more on the giant goby see:

• The Marine Life Information Network (Marlin) species information:
  www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Gobiuscobitis.htm
• For more on English Nature's Species Recovery Programme see:
  www.english-nature.org.uk/science/srp/default.asp

Authentication

Information authenticated by Dr Keith Hiscock of the Marine Biological Association of the UK:
http://www.mba.ac.uk/

Glossary

Algae

Simple plants that lack roots, stems and leaves but contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Most occur in marine and freshwater habitats.

Amphipods

A group of small shrimp-like crustaceans that includes sandhoppers, beach hoppers, and water lice.

Brackish

Slightly salty water.

Crustaceans

Diverse group of arthropods (a phylum of animals with jointed limbs and a hard chitinous exoskeleton) characterised by the possession of two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles (parts of the mouthparts used for handling and processing food) and two pairs of maxillae (appendages used in eating, which are located behind the mandibles). Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimps, slaters, woodlice and barnacles.

Ostracods

Tiny marine and freshwater crustaceans with a shrimp-like body enclosed in a bivalve shell.

Polychaeta

Polychaeta means ‘many bristled’; this class of worms are segmented and bear many ‘chaetae’ (bristles).

References

1. UNEP-WCMC (January, 2002)
   http://www.unep-wcmc.org/species/dbases/about.cfm
2. Fishbase (January, 2002)
   http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?ID=4579&genusname=Gobius&speciesname=cobitis
3. JNCC protected species (September, 2008)
   http://www.jncc.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1377
4. The Marine Life Information Network (Marlin) species information (January, 2002)
   http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Gobiuscobitis.htm
5. Miller, P.J. (1997) Fish of Britain and Europe. Harper Collins, London.