Gabar goshawk (Melierax gabar)

Description

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Gabar goshawk fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Gabar goshawk description

The gabar goshawk occurs in two very distinct forms that fluctuate in relative abundance across the species’ range. The more common, paler form has largely grey upperparts, conspicuous white and grey barring on the chest, thighs and underwings, a white rump and a dark grey, barred tail ⁽²⁾. In contrast, the slightly rarer form, which accounts on average for approximately 25 percent of the overall population, is almost completely black ^{(2) (4)}. In both types of adult the eyes are dark, and the long legs and the obvious bare patch of skin around the base of the beak, known as the cere, are red ^{(2) (4) (5)}. The cere and the legs are yellow in immature gabar goshawks and the plumage is generally browner, with the pale form having less tidy barring on the chest than the adult ^{(2) (4)}. Adult females are significantly larger than adult males, and weigh around 90 percent more ⁽²⁾.

Synonyms

Micronisus gabar.

French

Autour gabar.

Size

Male weight: 90 - 173 g ⁽²⁾

Female weight: 167 - 240 g ⁽²⁾

Gabar goshawk biology

The gabar goshawk is generally considered to be sedentary, but immature birds are somewhat nomadic and small migratory movements have been recorded in parts of its range ^{(2) (6)}. Although often observed alone, pairs are also common, particularly during the breeding season when the male can be seen chasing the female through trees, or calling earnestly from the perch. The small platform nest is typically made from thin twigs and positioned in a vertical fork in the crown of a thorny tree ⁽²⁾. To supplement the nest, the gabar goshawk is known to collect social spiders on their webs, which are then incorporated into the nest. The function of this unusual practice is unclear but the subsequent webs that spread over the nest probably act as camouflage, whilst the spiders may consume arthropods that otherwise would parasitize the chicks ^{(2) (7) (8)}. The female usually lays two eggs, which are incubated for a little over a month before hatching ⁽²⁾.

Small birds form the bulk of the gabar goshwak’s diet, with small mammals, reptiles and insects also taken on occasion. Prey is typically flushed from trees and caught following an energetic and persistent chase. Alternatively, the gabar goshawk hunts from the perch, swooping down to catch prey off the ground or in flight. Another technique is to rob the nests of colonial birds by clawing its way destructively through the nest top to snatch the nestlings within ⁽²⁾.

Gabar goshawk range

The gabar goshawk occurs through much of sub-Saharan Africa and southwest Arabia ⁽²⁾

Gabar goshawk habitat

Typically found in wooded savannah, thornbush and open woodland. It also occurs near some urban areas but is generally absent from alien plantations ^{(2) (6)}.

Gabar goshawk status

Classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾ and listed on Appendix II of CITES ⁽³⁾.

Gabar goshawk threats

Clearance of woodland and thornbush, for agriculture and firewood, is putting localised pressure on the gabar goshawk. Fortunately, this species has a colossal breeding range that stretches over more than 12 million square kilometres and its overall population appears to be stable ^{(2) (9)}.

Gabar goshawk conservation

The global population of gabar goshawk appears to be in relatively healthy state and not in urgent need of direct conservation measures ^{(6) (9)}.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Find out more

To find out more about birds of prey see:

• The Peregrine Fund:
  www.peregrinefund.org

For more information on this and other bird species please see:

• BirdLife International:
  http://www.birdlife.org

Authentication

Glossary

Incubated

The act of keeping eggs warm so that development is possible.

Social spiders

Spiders of the same species that live together in colonies.

References

1. IUCN Red List (September, 2008)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
2. Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D.A. (2001) Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm, London.
3. CITES (September, 2008)
   http://www.cites.org
4. Sinclair, I. and Davidson, I. (2006) Southern Africa Birds: A Photographic Guide. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
5. Kemp, A. and Kemp, M. (2006) Sasol Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
6. Southern African Birds Atlas Project 2 (January, 2009)
   http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/161.pdf
7. Henschel, J.R. (1998) Predation on social and solitary individuals of the spider Stegodyphus dumicola (Araneae: Eresidae). Journal of Arachnology, 26: 61 - 63.
8. Hansell, M. (2000) Birds Nests and Construction Behaviour. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
9. BirdLife International (January, 2009)
   http://www.birdlife.org