Common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)

Description

What’s the World’s Favourite Species?

Common minke whale fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Common minke whale description

The smallest of the rorqual whales, the common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) is also the most abundant ^{(2) (5)}. The common minke whale is slim in shape, and has a pointed, 'dolphin-like' head ⁽²⁾, bearing a double blow-hole ⁽⁵⁾. The smooth skin is dark grey above and white on the belly, and there is often a white band on each flipper ^{(5) (6)}. When seen at close quarters, common minke whales have variable 'smoky' patterns which have been used to photo-identify individuals ⁽²⁾.

Until the 1990s, only one species of minke whale was recognised. However, minke whales have now been divided into two species, the common minke whale and the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). The common minke whale is believed to exist in two main forms, a northern hemisphere form and a southern hemisphere “dwarf” minke whale, which may be a separate subspecies ^{(1) (5)}. Others have also further divided the northern hemisphere minke whale into North Pacific and North Atlantic populations ⁽¹⁾.

Also known as

dwarf minke whale, lesser finback, lesser rorqual, little finner, little piked whale, minke whale, northern hemisphere minke whale, northern minke whale, pikehead, sharp-headed finner.

French

Baleinoptère À Museau Pointu, Petit Rorqual.

Spanish

Ballena Minke, Rorcual Menor.

Size

Male length: 6.7 - 9.8 m ⁽²⁾

Female length: 7.3 - 10.7 m ⁽²⁾

Weight

8 - 13 tonnes ⁽³⁾

Common minke whale biology

Like all baleen whales, the common minke whale filters its food from the water using its baleen plates like sieves. The diet of this species includes fish and various invertebrates ^{(1) (2)}.

Although largely a solitary species, common minke whales can often be seen feeding in pairs, and on particularly good feeding grounds up to a hundred individuals may congregate ⁽²⁾. A number of feeding techniques have been observed, including trapping shoals of fish against the surface of the water ⁽⁷⁾. Common minke whales are active, manoeuvrable and fairly inquisitive, often swimming by the side of boats for up to half an hour ^{(2) (5)}.

The common minke whale gives birth in mid-winter, after a ten month gestation period ⁽²⁾. At birth, the calf measures up to 2.8 metres in length ⁽⁵⁾. Although it is weaned at four months of age ⁽³⁾, the calf stays with the female for up to two years, becoming sexually mature at seven years old ⁽⁷⁾. Common minke whales have an average lifespan of around 50 years ⁽⁷⁾.

Common minke whale range

The common minke whale occurs in all the world’s oceans, from polar waters to tropical regions ^{(1) (5)}.

You can view distribution information for this species at the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

See this species on Google Earth.

Common minke whale habitat

The common minke whale occurs in both coastal and offshore waters. It is usually more concentrated in cooler, higher latitudes during the summer and warmer, lower latitudes during the winter, but in some areas it may be found year-round ^{(1) (5)}.

Common minke whale status

The common minke whale is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾. Most populations of common minke whale are listed on Appendix I of CITES, except the population from Greenland, which is listed on Appendix II ⁽⁴⁾.

Common minke whale threats

The common name of this species indicates the main threat that has faced it for many years; Minke was an 18th Century Norwegian whaler who hunted small whales, flouting the whaling rules of the day ⁽⁷⁾. Despite the world moratorium on commercial whaling set up by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) in 1982, common minke whales are still hunted by Norway and Japan ⁽²⁾. Norway officially objected to the moratorium, and Japan kills whales for 'scientific research', but the carcasses are commercially processed after the research has been carried out ⁽²⁾.

Other potential threats facing the common minke whale, and indeed all cetaceans, include pollution and a reduction in prey abundance, perhaps as a result of over-fishing ^{(5) (7)}. Entanglement in fishing nets and the effects of long-term climate change are also likely to pose problems, but as yet the importance of these threats is unknown ^{(1) (5) (7)}.

Common minke whale conservation

The common minke whale is listed on Appendices I and II of CITES, meaning that international trade in this species should be strictly controlled ⁽⁴⁾. Although catch limits for all commercial whaling have been set at zero by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) since 1986, this does not apply to Iceland, Norway or the Russian Federation, and whaling permits have been issued to Japan for scientific research ⁽¹⁾.

There may be further information about this species available via the National Biodiversity Network Gateway.

To help conserve this species by working in the field with Earthwatch, click here.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

The UK Biodiversity Action Plan for this species is available at UK BAP.

Find out more

Find out more about the conservation of whales and dolphins:

• Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society:
  http://www.wdcs.org/
 

Authentication

Information authenticated by WDCS, The Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society.
http://www.wdcs.org

Glossary

Baleen

In some whales, the comb-like fibrous plates hanging from the upper jaw that are used to sieve food from sea water. These are often referred to as whalebone.

Cetaceans

A group comprising all whales, dolphins and porpoises.

Gestation

The state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth.

Invertebrates

Animals with no backbone, such as insects, crustaceans, worms, molluscs, spiders, cnidarians (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones) and echinoderms.

Rorqual

Derives from the Norwegian word meaning 'furrow whale', and refers to the folds or grooves of skin below the mouth that are a characteristic feature of the Baleanopteridae family of whales.

Subspecies

A population usually restricted to a geographical area that differs from other populations of the same species, but not to the extent of being classified as a separate species.

References

1. IUCN Red List (June, 2011)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org/
2. Carwardine, M., Hoyt, E., Fordyce, R.E. and Gill, P. (1998) Whales and Dolphins: The Ultimate Guide to Marine Mammals. Harper Collins Publishers, London.
3. Burnie, D. (2001) Animal. Dorling Kindersley, London.
4. CITES (June, 2011)
   http://www.cites.org/
5. Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) - Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (June, 2002)
   http://www2.wdcs.org/species/species.php?sp=Balaenoptera_acutorostrata
6. Macdonald, D. (2001) The New Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
7. The Mammal Society - The Minke Whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata (June, 2002)
   http://www.mammal.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=240&Itemid=273