Blue shark (Prionace glauca)

Description

What’s the World’s Favourite Species?

Blue shark fact file

• Description
• Biology
• Range
• Habitat
• Status
• Threats
• Conservation
• Find out more
• Glossary
• References
• Print factsheet

Blue shark description

The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is easily identified by its beautifully coloured slender body, which is a deep indigo-blue across the back, shading to a vibrant blue on the sides, and paling to white underneath ⁽⁴⁾. This shark has large eyes, triangular teeth, a conical snout, long pectoral fins and a second dorsal fin much smaller than the first ^{(2) (4)}. While its elongated caudal fin provides swimming power, its sleek, tapered body makes it a graceful mover ⁽⁵⁾.

Size

Length: up to 3.83 m ⁽²⁾

Blue shark biology

Blue sharks are viviparous, giving birth to live young after a gestation period of 9 to 12 months ^{(6) (7)}. Up to 135 pups can be born per litter, partially depending on the size of the female, but the average is 25 to 50 ^{(5) (6)}. Maturity is reached at approximately five to six years old and blue sharks are known to have lived to 20 years ⁽⁷⁾.

Although often observed cruising slowly and sluggishly the blue shark is capable of rapid movement if it is excited or feeding ⁽⁶⁾. This species will often circle its prey before moving in to attack it. Blue sharks primarily feed upon relatively small prey, such as bony fish and squid, but will also take larger prey including mammalian carrion ⁽¹⁾.

Blue shark range

Blue sharks are probably the most wide-ranging and (at least initially) one of the most abundant of all shark species, occurring in temperate and tropical waters from 50°N to 40°S around the globe ⁽²⁾. A migratory species, they periodically travel clockwise around the Atlantic, seemingly riding the Gulf Stream to Europe, taking various currents down the European and African coasts, and riding the Atlantic North Equatorial Current to the Caribbean region ⁽¹⁾.

See this species on Google Earth.

Blue shark habitat

The blue shark is a pelagic species occurring in the open ocean near the surface, inhabiting slightly deeper, cooler waters when in tropical environments ⁽⁴⁾. Although typically an offshore species, the blue shark may venture inshore, especially at night ⁽¹⁾.

Blue shark status

The blue shark is classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List ⁽¹⁾.

Blue shark threats

Although blue sharks are among the most abundant, widespread, fecund and faster growing of the sharks, they are one of the most heavily fished sharks in the world. With an estimated 10 to 20 million individuals caught and killed each year, there is concern not only about what this is doing to blue shark populations, but also about the effect the removal of such an important predator might be having on the oceanic ecosystem ⁽¹⁾. Blue sharks are one of the most important species in the international shark fin trade. However, their meat, while eaten in a few countries, is not very popular ⁽⁸⁾. They are also an important angling species in some areas ⁽¹⁾.

Blue shark conservation

International obligations that regulate the fishing of sharks include the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fishing of the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS), the United Nations’ Agreement on Straddling Stocks and Highly Migratory Species, and the Sustainable Fisheries Act. Although some countries have banned finning, there are no binding international treaties for the management of sharks, including the regulation or outlawing of finning ⁽⁹⁾. The blue shark is listed on Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea ⁽³⁾, which stresses the need for international cooperation in the conservation, management and utilization of living aquatic resources, especially of migratory species. This does not, however, enforce any regulations ⁽⁹⁾. Fortunately, the blue shark is a prolific species with good rebound potential, and the abundance and wide distribution of this species offers a reasonable buffer against extinction ⁽⁷⁾.

View information on this species at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

To learn more about a Whitley Award-winning conservation project for this species, click here.

Find out more

For more information on the blue shark: 

• MarineBio.org:
  www.marinebio.org/species.asp?id=35
• Fisheries Global Information System (FGIS):
  www.fao.org/fishery/species/2018

 For more information on the conservation of sharks and rays: 

• Save Our Seas Foundation:
  http://www.saveourseas.com
• Project Aware:
  http://www.projectaware.org/

Authentication

Authenticated (31/03/08) by John Stevens, Senior Principal Research Scientist, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research.

Glossary

Carrion

The flesh of a dead animal.

Caudal fin

The tail fin of a fish, used for steering, balancing or propulsion.

Dorsal fin

In fish, one of the unpaired fins found on the back of the body.

Gestation

The state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth.

Pectoral fins

In fish, the pair of fins that are found one on each side of the body just behind the gills. They are generally used for balancing and braking.

Pelagic

In marine ecology, to inhabit the surface layers of the open oceans.

Viviparous

Giving birth to live young, which have already reached an advanced stage of development.

References

1. IUCN Red List (February, 2011)
   http://www.iucnredlist.org
2. Fishes: Australian Museum Fish Site (October, 2005)
   http://www.amonline.net.au/fishes/index.cfm
3. Centre for Coastal Studies and Aquaculture, University of New Brunswick (October, 2005)
   http://new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/species/blue.html
4. MarineBio.org (October, 2005)
   http://marinebio.org
5. Animal Diversity Web (October, 2005)
   http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Prionace_glauca.html
6. Fisheries Global Information System (FGIS) (October, 2005)
   http://www.fao.org/figis/servlet/species?fid=2018
7. Stevens, J. (2008) Pers. comm.
8. Spiegel, J. (2001) Even Jaws deserves to keep his fins: outlawing shark finning throughout global waters. Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, 24(2): 409 - 438. Available at:
   http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/24_2/07_TXT.htm
9. FishBase (October, 2005)
   http://www.fishbase.org/search.php