Banded neolebias  (Neolebias lozii)

Despite the absence of any immediate threats to the banded neolebias, its low abundance and highly limited range mean that it may be highly susceptible to future pressures. Although the region is still relatively undisturbed, Sianda creek and parts of Kataba creek have already been developed into canals, reducing habitat availability for the fish. As the local human population increases, it is likely that intensified agriculture will lead to pollution of the banded neolebias’s habitat from fertilisers and herbicides. Deforestation will also be likely in the area surrounding the floodplain, causing various negative effects on the local ecosystem (1).

An additional potential threat to this species is the invasion of its habitat by the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This fish has proved to be problematic after invading other ecosystems, outcompeting native species, as well as eating vegetation, fish eggs and even small fish (3). With farmed populations of this species now within the Zambezi River’s catchment, there is a strong possibility that it could eventually reach the habitat of the banded neolebias (1).

There are currently no measures in place to protect the banded neolebias. However, various strategies have been proposed, including further study of its biology, assessments of its population and analysis of its threats. In addition, the creation of a protected area encompassing its range, continual population monitoring, and prevention of invasion by the Nile tilapia have been recommended (1). The banded neolebias is a tiny fish with no economic value (4), nevertheless, as a unique component of Zambia’s biodiversity, its preservation is important.