Aldabra giant tortoise  (Geochelone gigantea)

The Aldabra giant tortoise is indeed a giant, with individuals reaching over one metre in length (2). The thick, domed carapace is dark grey to black in colour and the robust limbs are covered in bony scales, as is the small, pointed head (5).

Endemic to the islands of Aldabra and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean, populations have also been introduced to Mauritius, Reunion (6), and granitic islands of Seychelles such as Curieuse and Fregate (7).

Inhabits a wide variety of vegetation on the islands where it is found, from scrub and mangrove swamp to grassy plains known as 'platins' (2).

The breeding season occurs from February to May (5), and females lay small clutches of 9 to 25 eggs, of which less than half are fertile in the wild (2). Hatchlings emerge anything from 3.5 to 7 months later. Aldabra tortoises have a predominately vegetation-based diet although they will supplement this intake with carrion (2) (7).

Giant tortoises throughout the islands of the Indian Ocean represented an important food source for sailors visiting these shores in the 17th to 19th Centuries and live individuals were often captured and stored for meat in the ship's hold (2) (7). In addition, the destruction of habitat and the introduction of mammalian predators such as rats and cats, and competitors such as goats further decimated the previously isolated populations (2). The Aldabra species is one of only three giant tortoises in the area to survive today, as a result of this past exploitation (8), and the only one to survive in the wild, with the others surviving only in a captive breeding programme (4) (8).

Charles Darwin himself was involved with gaining this species protection in the Aldabra Atoll (2). International trade is restricted by the listing of this species on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (3), and there is a captive breeding programme of these giant tortoises on the island of Mauritius (2).

• Aldabra and Seychelles Giant Tortoises:
  http://islandbiodiversity.com/tortoise.htm#Giant%20Tortoises

Authenticated (07/06/2006) by Justin Gerlach. Scientific Co-ordinator, The Nature Protection Trust of Seychelles.
http://islandbiodiversity.com